
Great NatureWisconsin
Protect, restore, and improve the highest quality natural communities in Wisconsin.
September 1 - 10
Racine has 12 hours and 44 minutes of daylight and Superior has 12 hours and 50 minutes of daylight at the end of the period. Southern Wisconsin loses 28 minutes of daylight and northern Wisconsin has 33 minutes less than the previous period.
Fall bird migration: Early September is peak warbler migration for Wisconsin, even though some species have mostly departed from the state. Finding a Yellow Warbler in September is a rare even indeed. The day following a cold front - when the winds switch to the northwest - can be outstanding for view migrating warblers and other migrants. Areas protected from the cold winds, especially on edges of wetlands can be very productive. In fall, these areas harbor many more bugs and fruits, than the interior of forests and the birds will gravitate to the food.
When a naturalists look at the full breadth of the fall migration, they must be impressed by the protracted nature of this annual event. The first fall migrants appear in late June and the last migrants linger until early January. However, for each neo-tropical migrant species the event usually last for about 2 months from the first migrant of a species and the last one to leave.
Many persons surmise October is the peak for fall migrant birds. Bracing cold can follow the cold fronts in October, whereas a cold front in late August is barely noticeable. In most circumstances, the August front will have many times more birds than a similar event in October. The reason observers make the connection is due to the fact the October migrants are either day time fliers, such as ducks, geese and hawks, or they are seed eaters, which usually makes them more observable. By October, the birds that eat insects are mostly gone. The following table highlights the species reaching their peak migration numbers during this period.
Table1: Phenology Average Departure Dates for Selected Species
Early September floral and fruiting peaks: Peak blooming is most predominant in open wet areas, such as prairies, sedge meadows, and fens. Although, forest areas are showing well with goldenrods and aster coloring the forest floor both north and south. Early September blooming plant and fruiting observation is best accomplished by visiting these habitats. Several earlier blooming species are setting fruits in Early September.
Table 1. Native Wildflowers with peak blooming/fruiting times September 1-10
Ginseng: High prices paid for dried ginseng root – the prices vary annually and have ranged as high as $1000 per pound – has resulted in this species becoming quite rare in Wisconsin’s woodlands. The species grows in rich deciduous woods and blooms in June. By early September the plants fruits ripen turning from green to a bright red. Some collectors know how to sustain populations over time. Carefully planting the red berries in the same general area and coming back several years later to repeat the process can sustain ginseng in near perpetuity. Unfortunately, many harvesters are after the quick buck and either dig the roots when the berries are green or leave the ripen berries on the surface to be consumed by chipmunks.
Smooth green snakes: Green snake or sometimes called grass snakes are an emerald green color. They inhabit green grassy areas where they are near invisible during most of the year. Their preferred habitat is prairies, oak savannas and barrens, pine barrens and the edges of dry forests. September is a good time to observe this cryptic species. During warm late summer or early fall rains, they can be seen crossing roads adjacent to their preferred habitat. Naturalists should look for these species from now through early October as they migrate to their hibernating sites.
Paper wasps: Paper wasps chew pieces of plant cellulose and mix them with saliva to produce a paper-like substance. The queen starts the nest early in the year and cares for the first brood of workers. Thereafter, the workers keep foraging for insects and pollen, feed the egg-laying queen and continue to build the nest. The paper nest can reach 18 inches in diameter and is placed in the trees or shrubs. In late summer, the population reaches its largest size. After mating with males, new queens put on a little fat, burrow into the ground to overwinter. The workers will stay with the nest until very hard frost in late fall.
Tidbits:
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The bird’s-nest fungi are curious-looking and easy to identify. They are found on sticks and woody debris. Look for dime-sized cups with little eggs inside. The spores develop inside these little eggs and they are dispersed when a drop od rain “splashes” them out of their cups.
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Lepidopterans reaching peak numbers include:
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Leonard’s skipper is a skipper found on native prairies and old fields with bluestem.
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Ruby tiger moth is found in wet meadows, where its several host plants grow.
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Aricgera flower moth is identified by its yellow and black hindwings and can be found anywhere asters grow.
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Sordid underwing is a species of barrens and pine forests that feeds on blueberries.
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Occasionally in barrens areas, backwimmers can be seen or felt as they crash into you. This time of year, they embark on flights to find new habitat. This aquatic species can be found well away from water and seemingly hostile territory.

Species
First migrants
Peak Migration
Early August
Least Bittern
American Bittern
King Rail
Piping Plover
Upland Sandpiper
Hudsonian Godwit
Marbled Godwit
Wilson's Phalarope
Little Gull
Laughing Gull
Caspian Tern
Black Tern
Forster's Tern
Yellow-billed Cuckoo
Black-billed Cuckoo
Whip-poor-will
Acadian Flycatcher
Alder Flycatcher
Willow Flycatcher
Bell's Vireo
Rough-winged Swallow
Purple Martin
Bank Swallow
Sedge Wren
Marsh Wren
Louisiana Waterthrush
Yellow Warbler
Chipping Sparrow
Lark Sparrow
Grasshopper Sparrow
Henslow's Sparrow
Indigo Bunting
Dickcissel
Orchard Oriole
Mid-August
Wood Duck
Blue-winged Teal
White Pelican
Great Blue Heron
Great Egret
Green Heron
Black-crowned Night-Heron
Osprey
Virginia Rail
Common Gallinule
Sandhill Crane
Whooping Crane
Black-necked Stilt
American Avocet
Killdeer
Spotted Sandpiper
Solitary Sandpiper
Greater Yellowlegs
Willet
Lesser Yellowlegs
Stilt Sandpiper
Least Sandpiper
Pectoral Sandpiper
Semipalmated Sandpiper
Short-billed Dowitcher
Red-necked Phalarope
Barn Swallow
Cliff Swallow
Prothonotary Warbler
Yellow-headed Blackbird
Baltimore Oriole
Late August
Snowy Egret
Semipalmated Plover
Whimbrel
Baird's Sandpiper
White-rumped Sandpiper
Buff-breasted Sandpiper
Common Nighthawk
Chimney Swift
Olive-sided Flycatcher
Eastern Wood-Pewee
Yellow-bellied Flycatcher
Great crested Flycatcher
Eastern Kingbird
Tree Swallow
House Wren
Carolina Wren
Blue Gray Gnatcatcher
Cedar Waxwing
Mourning Warbler
Cerulean Warbler
Canada Warbler
Bobolink
Early September
Red-shouldered Hawk
Yellow Rail
Western Sandpiper
Ruby-throated Hummingbird
Red-headed Woodpecker
Least Flycatcher
White-eyed Vireo
Yellow-headed Vireo
Warbling Vireo
Philadelphia Vireo
Red-eyed Vireo
Veery
Swainson's Thrush
Wood Thrush
Gray Catbird
Northern Mockingbird
Ovenbird
Northern Waterthrush
Blue-winged Warbler
Golden-winged Warbler
Black and White Warbler
Tennessee Warbler
Nashville Warbler
Connecticut Warbler
Common Yellowthroat
American Redstart
Cape May Warbler
Nothern Parula
Magnolia Warbler
Bay-breasted Warbler
Blackburnian Warbler
Chestnut-sided Warbler
Pine Warbler
Wilson's Warbler
Scarlet Tanager
Rose-breasted Grosbeak
Mid-September
Northern Pintail
Western Grebe
Double-crested Cormorant
Turkey Vulture
Bald Eagle
Broad-winged Hawk
American Golden Plover
Ruddy Turnstone
Sanderling
Parasitic Jaeger
Long-tailed Jaeger
Bonaparte's Gull
Franklin's Gull
Lesser black-backed Gull
Common Tern
Northern Flicker
Merlin
Blue Jay
Gray-cheeked Thrush
Brown Thrasher
Kentucky Warbler
Blackpoll Warbler
Black-throated Blue Warbler
Black-throated Green Warbler
Late September
Breeds
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July Migrant
July Migrant
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Summers
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August 1 - 10
August 1 - 10
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Breeds
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July Migrant
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July Migrant
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July Migrant
Breeds
Breeds
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August 1 - 10
Breeds
Breeds
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Wanderer
Breeds
Breeds
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July Migrant
Breeds
Breeds
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August 1- 10
Breeds
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August 10 - 20
Breeds
Breeds
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July Migrant
Breeds
Breeds
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July Migrant
July Migrant
July Migrant
August 10 - 20
August 20 - 31
July Migrant
July Migrant
July Migrant
July Migrant
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August 20 - 31
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August 10 - 20
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August 10 - 20
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Nov 20 - 30
Nov 1 - 10
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 1 - 10
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Nov 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
Oct 10 - 20
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 1 - 10
Nov 1 - 10
Nov 1 - 10
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 10 - 20
Oct 10 - 20
Nov 20 - 30
Oct 1 - 10
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Oct 20 - 30
Nov 10 - 20
Nov 20 - 30
Oct 20 - 30
Oct 1 - 10
Oct 10 - 20
Oct 20 - 30
Oct 1 - 10
Sept 1 - 10
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Sept 10 - 20
Nov 1 - 10
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Nov 10 - 20
Oct 1 - 10
Oct 1 - 10
Oct 20 - 30
Oct 1 - 10
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Sept 20 - 30
Oct 1 - 10
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Nov 1 - 10
Oct 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
Sept 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
Oct 1 - 10
Oct 20 - 30
Oct 1 - 10
Oct 1 - 10
Nov 20 - 30
Sept 10 – 20
Oct 20 - 30
Oct 1 - 10
Nov 20 - 30
Oct 1 - 10
Sept 20 - 30
Oct 1 - 10
Oct 1 - 10
Oct 10 - 20
Oct 10 - 20
Oct 1 - 10
Oct 10 - 20
Oct 10 - 20
Oct 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
Oct 10 - 20
Oct 10 - 20
Sept 20 - 30
Oct 1 - 10
Oct 1 - 10
Oct 20 - 30
Oct 20 - 30
Oct 1 - 10
Oct 20 - 30
Oct 10 - 20
Nov 1 - 10
Oct 20 - 30
Oct 10 - 20
Oct 1 - 10
Oct 1 - 10
Oct 1 - 10
Oct 10 - 20
Oct 1 - 10
Oct 1 - 10
Oct 1 - 10
Sharp-shinned Hawk
Cooper's Hawk
Black-bellied Plover
Pomarine Jaeger
Sabine's Gull
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
Peregrine Falcon
Eastern Phoebe
Blue-headed Vireo
American Pipit
Lapland Longspur
Smith's Longspur
Hooded Warbler
Clay-colored Sparrow
Vesper Sparrow
Savannah Sparrow
Harris's Sparrow
Early October
Pied-billed Grebe
Wilson's Snipe
American Woodcock
Brown Creeper
Winter Wren
Golden-crowned Kinglet
Ruby-crowned Kinglet
Eastern Bluebird
Hermit Thrush
American Robin
Orange-crowned Warbler
Palm Warbler
Yellow-rumped Warbler
Eastern Towhee
Field Sparrow
LeConte's Sparrow
Nelson's Sparrow
Song Sparrow
Lincoln's Sparrow
Swamp Sparrow
White-throated Sparrow
White-crowned Sparrow
Western Meadowlark
Eastern Meadowlark
Brewer's Blackbird
Brown-headed Cowbird
Mid-October
Ross's Goose
Cackling Goose
American Wigeon
Northern Harrier
Long-billed Dowitcher
California Gull
Saw-whet Owl
Dark-eyed Junco
Red-winged Blackbird
Rusty Blackbird
Common Grackle
Purple Finch
Late October
Snow Goose
Brant
Gadwall
Mallard
Northern Shoveller
Green-winged Teal
Redhead
Ring-necked Duck
Lesser Scaup
Ruddy Duck
American Coot
Dunlin
Ring-billed Gull
Rufous Hummingbird
Scissor-tailed Flycatcher
Early November
Tundra Swan
American Black Duck
Canvasback
Greater Scaup
Surf Scoter
White-winged Scoter
Black Scoter
Long-tailed Duck
Hooded Merganser
Common Loon
Horned Grebe
Red-necked Grebe
Eared Grebe
Golden Eagle
Red-tailed Hawk
Purple Sandpiper
Red Phalarope
Black-legged Kittiwake
Herring Gull
Long-eared Owl
Snow Bunting
American Tree Sparrow
Mid-November
Harlequin Duck
Bufflehead
Barrow's Goldeneye
Red-breasted Merganser
Red-throated Loon
Pacific Loon
Northern Goshawk
Iceland Gull
Great Black-backed Gull
Northern Shrike
Bohemian Waxwing
Pine Grosbeak
Red Crossbill
White-winged Crossbill
Common Redpoll
Evening Grosbeak
Late November
Common Goldeneye
Common Merganser
Rough-legged Hawk
Mew Gull
Thayer's Gull
Glaucous Gull
Snowy Owl
Short-eared Owl
Gyrfalcon
Townsend's Solitaire
Varied Thrush
Pine Siskin
Breeds
Breeds
July Migrant
Sept 1 - 10
August 20 - 31
Breeds
Breeds
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Breeds
Sept 1 - 10
Sept 1 - 10
Sept 20 - 30
Breeds
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Sept 10 - 20
Breeds
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Sept 10 - 20
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Sept 10 - 20
Breeds
Breeds
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Breeds
Sept 1 - 10
Sept 1 - 10
Breeds
Breeds
July Migrant
Oct 1 - 10
Breeds
Breeds
Breeds
Sept 1 - 10
Breeds
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Sept 20 - 30
Sept 20 - 30
Sept 20 - 30
Sept 20 - 30
Sept 20 - 30
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Oct 1 - 10
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Nov 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 10 - 20
Oct 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 1 - 10
Oct 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
Oct 1 - 10
Oct 1 - 10
Nov 1 - 10
Nov 1 - 10
Nov 1 - 10
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 1 - 10
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 10 - 20
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 1 - 10
Nov 1 - 10
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 1 - 10
Nov 10 - 20
Nov 1 - 10
Nov 1 - 10
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 1 - 10
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 1 - 10
Nov 10 - 20
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
August 10 - 20
Oct 10 - 20
Breeds
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July Migrant
Breeds
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July Migrant
Breeds
Oct 1 - 10
Oct 1 - 10
Oct 20 - 31
Oct 20 - 31
Oct 20 - 31
Oct 20 - 31
Oct 20 - 31
Oct 20 - 31
Oct 20 - 31
Oct 20 - 31
Oct 20 - 31
Oct 20 - 31
Oct 20 - 31
Oct 20 - 31
Oct 20 - 31
Oct 20 - 31
Oct 20 - 31
Sept 10 - 20
Breeds
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July Migrant
Sept 1 - 10
Sept 1 - 10
Sept 1 - 10
Sept 10 - 20
Breeds
Breeds
August 1 - 10
Breeds
Breeds
Sept 1 - 10
Breeds
Oct 20 - 31
Oct 10 - 20
Oct 20 - 31
Breeds
Breeds
Oct 1 - 10
Oct 1 - 10
Nov 10 - 20
Breeds
Oct 20 - 31
Breeds
Aug 20 - 31
Sept 1 - 10
Breeds
Oct 10 - 20
July Migrant
Oct 1 - 10
Oct 20 - 31
Oct 20 - 31
July Migrant
Oct 10 - 20
Oct 10 - 20
Breeds
Breeds
Breeds
Sept 20 - 30
Oct 20 - 31
Sept 1 - 10
Oct 1 - 10
Nov 1 - 10
Breeds
Nov 10 - 20
Oct 1 - 10
Nov 1 - 10
Breeds
Nov 1 - 10
Nov 1 - 10
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Late Migrants
Nov 1 - 10
Nov 10 - 20
Sept 20 - 30
Sept 10 - 20
Sept 20 - 30
Nov 1 - 10
Oct 10 - 20
Oct 10 - 20
Nov 20 - 30
Sept 1 - 10
Oct 1 - 10
Sept 1 - 10
Oct 10 - 20
Oct 20 - 30
Oct 1 - 10
Sept 20 - 30
Sept 20 - 30
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Oct 1 - 10
Nov 1 - 10
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Oct 20 - 30
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Sept 10 - 20
Oct 1 - 10
Nov 1 - 10
Sept 20 - 30
Oct 10 - 20
Oct 20 - 30
Oct 1 - 10
Oct 1 - 10
Sept 10 - 20
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
Nov 1 - 10
Nov 10 - 20
Nov 1 - 10
Oct 20 - 30
Nov 20 - 30
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Nov 20 - 30
Nov 1 - 10
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Nov 20 - 30
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Oct 10 - 20
Nov 1 - 10
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Oct 10 - 20
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Common Name
Red & white baneberries (fruit)
Ginseng (fruit)
Wild grapes (fruit)
Ground cherries (fruit)
Virginia creeper (fruit)
Solomon's-seal (berries)
Thimbleweed (seeds)
Mountain ash (fruit)
Elderberry
Red-osier dogwood (fruit)
Bottle gentian
Sky-blue aster
Dune goldenrod
Elm-leaved goldenrod
Stiff goldenrod
Beggar's-tick
Stiff gentian
False dragonhead
Wormwood
Saw-tooth sunflower
Zig-zag goldenrod
Bladdernut (pods)
Habitat
Moist woods
Moist woods
Floodplains and edges
Dry to mesic prairies
Dry to wet forests
Dry to wet forests
Dry to mesic prairies
Boreal forest
Wet meadows
Wet meadows, moist old fields
Wet meadows, moist old fields
Dry to mesic prairies
Lake michigan dunes
Dry woods & savannas
Dry to mesic prairies
Wet meadows and muddy shores
Dry prairies
Floodplain forest
Sand prairies and barrens
Wet meadows
Moist woods
Riverbanks and floodplains